Table of content:

Acknowledgements & Authors

Summary

List of abbreviations

Introduction

1. Ecological Network of Moldova

1.1. Components of Eco-Network

1.2. Geographical Aspects of NENM

1.3. Levels of Components of the Eco-Network

1.4. Eco-Network as Informational System

2. System of Criteria for Estimate of Value of Components of Ecological Network

2.1. Criteria for Attribution of Particular Status to Core Areas with Natural and Semi-Natural Ecosystem Cover

2.2. Criteria for Ranking Areas of the Eco-Network which are Not Core Areas

2.3. Principles for Designating Areas Intended for Ecological Restoration and for Establishing Biological Corridors in Conditions of Excessive Economic Land Use

2.4. Use of Lands for Establishing Biological Corridors and Restoration, which Not Meet Criteria of Areas Intended for Ecological Restoration

3. Operational Checklists

3.1. Operational Checklist of Vascular Plants

3.2. Operational Checklist List of Endemic Vegetation Associations

3.3. Operational List of Insects

3.4. Operational List of Terrestrial Vertebrates

4. Objects of Eco-Network

5. Main Actions Concerning National Eco-Network of Moldova

6. Estimation of Potential and Some Recommendations for Establishing National Ecological Network of Moldova

6.1. Main Conditions for Establishing NENM

6.1.1. Elaborating the Concept of Eco-Network in Moldova

6.1.2. Ecological and Socio-Economical Conditions of Forming Eco-Network

6.1.3. Analysis of Legal Framework for Establishing National Eco-Network

6.2. Comment on Results of Area Estimations, Based on Main Components of Ecological Network of Moldova (by Biological Indicators)

6.2.1. Estimation of Core Areas

6.2.2. Designated Components of Eco-Network in the Structure of the Country’s Area

6.3. Recommendations

6.3.1. Concerning the Development of a System of Management for Natural Protected Areas

6.3.2. Priorities of scientific estimation of core areas

6.3.3. Law on Modification and Completion of some Legislative Acts (Draft)

Conclusion

References

Map of the Ecological Network

2.3. Principles for Designating Areas Intended for Ecological Restoration and for Establishing Biological Corridors in Conditions of Excessive Economic Land Use

Principles of designation:

1. Prevention of damage stemming from inadequate land-use in the face of progressive degradation;
2. Tolerance in relation to ecological and economic forms of land use;
3. Consideration of restoration and development potential of natural ecosystems.

Physiognomic (geomorphologic, lithological, hydrological, socio-economic) characteristics used for assessing landscape elements due for designation:

1. Sub-horizontal layers with high ground water levels, including flood-plains and slopes bases of forest and meadow complexes;
2. Moist ecosystems in flood-plains of plane rivers;
3. Slope surfaces, damaged by recent landslide and erosion processes;
4. Hill tops with distribution of erosion and karsts forms of landscape relief;
5. Clearly defined watersheds, intended for forestation to improve the distribution of river discharge and raising the quality of local agricultural lands;
6. The most ancient forms of relief with surface denudation of crystalline rocks, limestone, marls, cretaceous depositions etc.;
7. Landscapes of aesthetic, historic and cultural value;
8. Areas comprising picturesque lakes and/or hydrological objects, of historical and cultural value.

Geologic-genetic features:

1. Slope surface of rock-fall-talus genesis;
2. Ancient landslide slopes with intensive occurrence of modern slide processes;
3. Landslide surface of alluvial genesis with intensively pronounced occurrence of linear erosion or strongly washed-off soils;
4. Artificial forms of landscape, whose creation stems from agro-melioration and mining activities.

Soil class features:

1. Areas where humus content in soil constitutes less than 70 % of initial;
2. Areas where horizon A and partially AB have been washed away, or horizons A and B washed away completely;
3. Areas where secondary salination exceeds 20 %;
4. Areas where the surface of completely washed soils exceeds 20 %.

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