Table of content:

Acknowledgements & Authors

Summary

List of abbreviations

Introduction

1. Ecological Network of Moldova

1.1. Components of Eco-Network

1.2. Geographical Aspects of NENM

1.3. Levels of Components of the Eco-Network

1.4. Eco-Network as Informational System

2. System of Criteria for Estimate of Value of Components of Ecological Network

2.1. Criteria for Attribution of Particular Status to Core Areas with Natural and Semi-Natural Ecosystem Cover

2.2. Criteria for Ranking Areas of the Eco-Network which are Not Core Areas

2.3. Principles for Designating Areas Intended for Ecological Restoration and for Establishing Biological Corridors in Conditions of Excessive Economic Land Use

2.4. Use of Lands for Establishing Biological Corridors and Restoration, which Not Meet Criteria of Areas Intended for Ecological Restoration

3. Operational Checklists

3.1. Operational Checklist of Vascular Plants

3.2. Operational Checklist List of Endemic Vegetation Associations

3.3. Operational List of Insects

3.4. Operational List of Terrestrial Vertebrates

4. Objects of Eco-Network

5. Main Actions Concerning National Eco-Network of Moldova

6. Estimation of Potential and Some Recommendations for Establishing National Ecological Network of Moldova

6.1. Main Conditions for Establishing NENM

6.1.1. Elaborating the Concept of Eco-Network in Moldova

6.1.2. Ecological and Socio-Economical Conditions of Forming Eco-Network

6.1.3. Analysis of Legal Framework for Establishing National Eco-Network

6.2. Comment on Results of Area Estimations, Based on Main Components of Ecological Network of Moldova (by Biological Indicators)

6.2.1. Estimation of Core Areas

6.2.2. Designated Components of Eco-Network in the Structure of the Country’s Area

6.3. Recommendations

6.3.1. Concerning the Development of a System of Management for Natural Protected Areas

6.3.2. Priorities of scientific estimation of core areas

6.3.3. Law on Modification and Completion of some Legislative Acts (Draft)

Conclusion

References

Map of the Ecological Network

1.4. Eco-Network as Informational System

NENM is a part of the country’s informational system, intended for nature protection, sustainable use of natural resources and improving ecological security. NENM contains and uses data that belong to the following State Cadastres:

(1) Land Cadastre
(2) Cadastre of protected natural areas
(3) Cadastre of wildlife
(4) Cadastre of vegetation, including forest management
(5) Cadastre of water resources
(6) Cadastre of geological resources

other data resources are to be incorporated and new data obtained. The informational system also uses data from the Hydro-meteorological service.

Informational content of NENM is essential to monitoring biological diversity. The FSPNA Cadastre includes all areas irrespective of their listing. Data format should be compatible to relevant international systems (BRIM, CORINE biotopes and other).

Primary information on NENM is classified into the following categories:

A. Core areas;
B. Corridors and restoration areas;
C. Buffer areas

Information is structured into the following modules:

a) Basic information - title, relation to designated areas, geographical coordinates, surface area, map, position in relation to a district of NENM and biogeographical region, administrative region and ownership, major climatic features, major numeric indicators for modules 2-4 below.

b) Information on landscapes - morphological characteristics, soil characteristics, key processes and manifestations (landslides and erosion), characteristic landscape features, geological, palaeontological and archaeological monuments and their status, the listing of ecosystem types.

c) Information on biological diversity is split into 2 divisions.

• Division "Species diversity" - a key division comprising species and sub-species by their complete nomenclature and key data. Information in this division is cumulative. Listing in taxonomical order by 3 levels: class, order (or sub-order) and family. Target data are included where these are available:

(a) the date of the first and the subsequent findings
(b) special protection status of the species in this country, neighbouring countries and the countries of the macro-region, in Europe and the world
(c) economic status
(d) type of presence
(e) likelihood of reliable identification of the species by common observation
(f) taxon code in the information system

• Division "Ecosystems and diversity" - is obligatory holding data as far as their collection is possible. Information in this division is dynamic:

(a) forest classes along with the date of estimate, age and state
(b) listing of plant communities/associations together with the survey date and indication of habitat type
(c) data on the number of species or populations together with survey date
(d) data resulting from floristic or faunistic samples: indication of taxonomic position down to family level, indication of guild or ecosystemic role, listing of species in arbitrary encoding (without decoding) or general encoding with an estimate of numbers and date of sampling
(e) data on biomass
(f) indices characterising species diversity and richness, other indices relating to systems of criteria or estimates of biological resources
(g) data on significant damage and its origins.

d) Information on restoration activities, initial and subsequent states of areas or sub-areas, including owners or users, sources and volumes of funding of these activities, if such funding is done; with regard to biological corridors and buffers, which are partially composed of restoration areas, data on territorial percentage of the latter.

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